1;  The ingratitude of Israel unto God for his benefits.
  5;  His judgment.
  8;  God's mercy toward them.
 12;  Israel's falsehood and Judah's fidelity.

 * Israel.
  2:15  De 7:7  Jer 2:2  Eze 16:6  Mal 1:2 
 * called.
  Ex 4:22  Mt 2:15