啟示錄 13章16節 到 13章16節     上一筆  下一筆
 {He causeth all} (same use of poie(935c) as in  12,15 ). Note
article here with each class (the small and the great, etc.).
{That there be given them} (hina d(9373)in autois). Same use of
hina after poie(935c) as in  12,15 , only here with indefinite
plural d(9373)in (second aorist active subjunctive), "that they
give themselves," as in  10:11  12:6  16:15 . {A mark}
(charagma). Old word from charass(935c), to engrave, in  Ac 17:29 
of idolatrous images, but in Rev. ( Re 13:16,17  14:9,11  16:2  19:20  20:4 ) of the brand of the beast on the right hand or on
the forehead or on both. Deissmann (_Bible Studies_, pp. 240ff.)
shows that in the papyri official business documents often have
the name and image of the emperor, with the date as the official
stamp or seal and with charagma as the name of this seal.
Animals and slaves were often branded with the owner's name, as
Paul ( Ga 6:17 ) bore the stigmata of Christ. Ptolemy
Philadelphus compelled some Alexandrian Jews to receive the mark
of Dionysus as his devotees (III Macc. 3:29). The servants of God
receive on their foreheads the stamp of the divine seal ( Re
7:3 ). Charles is certain that John gets his metaphor from the
	ephillin (phylacteries) which the Jew wore on his left hand
and on his forehead. At any rate, this "mark of the beast" was
necessary for life and all social and business relations. On the
right hand, that is in plain sight. {Upon their forehead} (epi
to met(9370)on aut(936e)). Accusative with epi, though genitive just
before with cheiros (hand). See already  7:3  9:4  (genitive
epi t(936e) met(9370)(936e)). Only in the Apocalypse in N.T.

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