{Paul} (Paulos). He does not mention his apostleship as he
usually does. Omitted also in I and II Thess. and Philemon.
{Timothy} (Timotheos). In no sense the author, but associated
with Paul because with him here in Rome as in Corinth when I and
II Thessalonians written and in Ephesus when I Corinthians sent
and in Macedonia when II Corinthians written. Timothy was with
Paul when the Philippian church was founded ( Ac 16:1,13  17:14 ). He had been there twice since ( Ac 19:22  20:3f. ). {To
all the saints} (p(8373)i tois hagiois). The word saint (hagios)
here is used for the professing Christians as in  1Co 1:2  which
see as well as  Ro 1:7  for the origin of the word. The word
"all" (p(8373)i) means that all individual believers are included.
Paul employs this word frequently in Philippians. {In Christ
Jesus} (en Christ(9369) I(8873)ou). The centre for all Christian
relations and activities for Paul and for us. {In Philippi} (en
Philippois). See on 涉c 16:12| for discussion of this name.
{With the bishops} (sun episkopois). "Together with bishops,"
thus singled out from "all the saints." See  Ac 20:17,28  for the
use of this most interesting word as equivalent to presbuteros
(elder). It is an old word from episkeptomai, to look upon or
after, to inspect, so the overseer or superintendent. In the
second century episcopos (Ignatius) came to mean one superior
to elders, but not so in the N.T. The two New Testament church
officers are here mentioned (bishops or elders and deacons). The
plural is here employed because there was usually one church in a
city with several pastors (bishops, elders). {And deacons} (kai
diakonois). Technical sense here of the other church officers as
in  1Ti 3:8-13 , not the general use as in  Mt 22:13 . The origin
of the office is probably seen in  Ac 6:1-6 . The term is often
applied to preachers ( 1Co 3:5  2Co 3:6 ). The etymology (dia,
konis) suggests raising a dust by hastening.