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 {A scarlet robe} (chlamuda kokkin(886e)). A kind of short
cloak worn by soldiers, military officers, magistrates, kings,
emperors (2Macc. 12:35; Josephus, _Ant_. V. 1,10), a soldier's
_sagum_ or scarf. Carr (_Cambridge Gk. Test._) suggests that it
may have been a worn-out scarf of Pilate's. The scarlet colour
(kokkin(886e)) was a dye derived from the female insect (kermes)
which gathered on the ilex coccifera found in Palestine. These
dried clusters of insects look like berries and form the famous
dye. The word occurs in Plutarch, Epictetus, Herodas, and late
papyri besides the Septuagint and New Testament. Mark ( Mr
15:17 ) has "purple" (porphuran). There are various shades of
purple and scarlet and it is not easy to distinguish these
colours or tints. The manuscripts vary here between "stripped"
(ekdusantes) and "clothed" (endusantes). He had been stripped
for the scourging. If "clothed" is correct, the soldiers added
the scarlet (purple) mantle. Herodotus (iii. 139) relates that
Darius richly rewarded a Samian exile for a rare scarlet robe
which he obtained from him. This scarlet mantle on Jesus was mock
imitation of the royal purple.

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